Activity 4

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using search engines?
The advantage of using search engine, is that it has most of the information you can search for in the internet, and with absence of book it is a great help to get information.

The disadvantage is that you are not sure if the information is accurate and you have to gamble for it. Ans. Compare and contrast individual search engines and search meta search engines.
In individual the information is stored within the site then the meta use multiple search engine in the net.

When is it appropriate to use a search engine? Ans. When looking for information on the internet, and if the information is reliable and accurate by following the reference or if has a author. If you can't find it the book or in the library you have to used the internet.
When is it appropriate to use a search/subject directory? Ans. When you search for a specific information in the internet.

•What is an Invisible Web or ‗Deep Web‘? Ans. There are parts of the Internet that search engines simply can't see. The search engine's robotic "crawlers" either miss or are locked out of these areas on the Internet. Behind the barriers lie treasure troves of quality information. Collectively this information is called the Invisible Web. There are many categories of invisible information missed by the popular search engines.

•How do you find an Invisible Web? Ans. One trick for finding databases with standard search engines is as simple as adding the term “database” to your search query. Instead of “Buddhism,” try “Buddhism database.” By doing this, you are using the search engine to find a gateway to more information, rather than the information itself.

•Why are these web pages not available in search engines or subject directories? Ans. Webpages that have been intentionally skipped by search engine crawlers. Webpages that are dynamically assembled from online database content. Password protected webpages. Non-HTML resources like image, audio, animation, and PDF files

Internet

Impact of the internet in our world today

The impact of the internet contributes a big role in the world today it provides both good and bad effects in our society. Good in a way that almost everything is accessible through the internet. We are able to pay bills, shop online, socialize online, and much more. If we need information, all is a click away. The bad side of this is that is it all available in the internet which makes such things as pornographic materials and hacking of accounts available to all who has the knows on this.


Give a brief description of the following Internet organizations

ISOC – The Internet Society (ISOC) is a nonprofit organization founded in 1992 to provide leadership in Internet related standards, education and policy. We are dedicated to ensuring the open development, evolution and use of the Internet for the benefit of people throughout the world.

IAB- the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is the committee charged with oversight of the technical and engineering development of the Internet by the Internet Society(ISOC).

IESG - is an acronym for the Internet Engineering Steering Group. This group is assigned with the responsibility of technical management of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), which concentrates producing high quality and relevant technical documents for the betterment of the internet. The IESG provides technical management for all the activities conducted by IETF and the Internet Standard Process.

IRTF - The Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) focuses on longer term research issues related to the Internet while the parallel organization, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), focuses on the shorter term issues of engineering and standards making. The Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) promotes research of importance to the evolution of the Internet by creating focused, long-term research groups working on topics related to Internet protocols, applications, architecture and technology.

IETF - The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) develops and promotes Internet standards, cooperating closely with the W3C and ISO/IEC standards bodies and dealing in particular with standards of the TCP/IP and Internet protocol suite. It is an open standards organization, with no formal membership or membership requirements. All participants and managers are volunteers, though their work is usually funded by their employers or sponsors; for instance, the current chairperson is funded by VeriSign and the U.S. government's National Security Agency.

IANA - The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the entity that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and numbers. IANA is operated by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, also known as ICANN.

InterNIC - The Internet Network Information Center, known as InterNIC, was the Internet governing body primarily responsible for domain name and IP address allocations from 1972 until September 18, 1998 when this role was assumed by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). It was accessed through the domain name internic.net, with email, FTP and World Wide Web services run at various times by SRI, Network Solutions, Inc and AT&T.

ICANN - The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN, play /ˈaɪkæn/ eye-kan) is a non-profit corporation headquartered in Marina del Rey, California, United States, that was created on September 18, 1998, and incorporated on September 30, 1998[1] to oversee a number of Internet-related tasks previously performed directly on behalf of the U.S. government by other organizations, notably the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA).

ICANN is responsible for managing the Internet Protocol address spaces (IPv4 and IPv6) and assignment of address blocks to regional Internet registries, for maintaining registries of Internet protocol identifiers, and for the management of the top-level domain name space (DNS root zone), which includes the operation of root nameservers.

Arrange the organizations in chronological order
1. InterNIC
2. ISOC
3. IETF
4. IRTF
5. IANA
6. IAB
7. IESG
8. ICANN


What made the internet reliable and efficient?

The internet is reliable in many ways namely speed and convenience.
Speed because we can search any information through the net in just seconds.
Convenience because we can to most of things from the comfort of our own home like shopping paying of bills and much more.
The internet can also be efficient in transferring of data’s and communication for this is the fastest means of transferring data and communication in long distances.


Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Architecture_Board
http://www.isoc.org/isoc/
http://icannwiki.com/index.php/IESG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Research_Task_Force
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Engineering_Task_Force
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Assigned_Numbers_Authority
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterNIC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICANN

WEB BROWSERS

• What is a web browser? How does it work?

A web browser is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) and may be a web page, image, video, or other piece of content. Hyperlinks present in resources enable users easily to navigate their browsers to related resources. A web browser can also be defined as an application software or program designed to enable users to access, retrieve and view documents and other resources on the Internet.

• What is a bookmark?

It is a method for Internet users to organize, store, manage and search for bookmarks of resources online. Unlike file sharing, the resources themselves aren't shared, merely bookmarks that reference them.

• What is the purpose of a web [browser] cache?

Caching is a technology based on the memory subsystem of your computer. The main purpose of a cache is to accelerate your computer while keeping the price of ­the computer low. Caching allows you to do your computer tasks more rapidly.

• What is a web [browser] plugin?
a plug-in (or plugin) is a set of software components that adds specific abilities to a larger software application. If supported, plug-ins enable customizing the functionality of an application. For example, plug-ins are commonly used in web browsers to play video, scan for viruses, and display new file types.

Google Chrome
• How do you enable tabbed browsing? private browsing? Ctrl+T
• How do you set homepages?
Follow these steps to adjust your home page settings:
1. Click the wrench icon on the browser toolbar.
2. Select Options (Preferences on Mac and Linux; Settings on a Chromebook).
3. Click the Basics tab.
o Set your home page
Pick the page you'd like to be your home page in the "Home page" section. You can select to use the New Tab Page as your home page. To use another page, select "Open this page" and enter the web address of the page you'd like to use.
o Add the home button to the browser toolbar
Want a button on the browser toolbar that you can click to open your home page? Select the "Show Home button" checkbox in the "Toolbar" section.
o Set your home page as your startup page
To see your homepage whenever you open Google Chrome, go to the "On startup" section and select "Open the home page."
• How do you customize search providers?
Go to Settings (Symbol next to address bar) then go to Options then pick basics , You will Find "Default Search" and MANAGE Next to it
• How do you bookmark a page? How do you organize your book marks?
1) Click the star next to the address of the page you are on or use Ctrl+D to bookmark it.

2) Open the bookmarks bar (ctrl+b) right click it and click add page

3) Drag a link up to the bookmarks bar (ctrl+b if it is not already open)

4) Go to Tools (the wrench icon) and click on Import Bookmarks if you want to import from firefox or explorer
• How do you clear the cache?
1. Click the Tools menu. (the wrench in the upper-right corner)
2. Select Options.
3. Click the Under the Hood option on the left pane.
4. Click Clear browsing data…
5. Check the boxes for the types of information you wish to delete.
• Clear browsing history
• Clear download history
• Empty the cache
• Delete cookies
• Clear saved passwords
You can also choose the period of time you wish to delete cached information using the Clear data from this period drop down menu.
6. Click Clear Browsing Data when ready.
• How do you install a plugin?
First you should download and Dev Channel installer from the Chromium Developer page.
Next, right click on the chrome icon, click on properties and type the following” To Enable Plugins: –enable-plugins, To Enable Extensions: –enable-extensions, To Enable Greasemonkey Scripts: –enable-greasemonkey and click “Apply”
You have all three at a time for better compatibility like this – enable-plugins –enable-extension –enable-greasemonkey.
You are all set to install Plugins, Greasemonkey and Extensions in the Chrome Browser. Just start the browser and get sample extension page.
• How do you save pages offline?
Chrome also has a Save as option. You can access it from the Page icon that’s next to the address bar. You can also load the webpage and right click anywhere on the page to get to the context menu. Or do the quick keyboard thing with a press on Ctrl+S.
The same kind of Save As dialog window appears and lets you save the page as Web Page, complete in a location of your choice.

Mozilla Firefox
• How do you enable tabbed browsing? private browsing?
• How do you set homepages?
1. Open up the website you want to be your home page. If you want a blank home page, open a new tab.
2. Click on the icon to the left of the web address, drag it to the Home button and then let go.
3. Click Yes to set this as your home page.
• How do you customize search providers?
• How do you bookmark a page? How do you organize your book marks? Ctrl+D and Ctrl+Shift+D
• How do you clear the cache?
1. At the top of the Firefox window, click on the Firefox button (Tools menu in Windows XP) and then click Options.
2. Select the Advanced panel.
3. Click on the Network tab.
4. In the Offline Storage section, click Clear Now.
5. Click OK to close the Options window.
• How do you install a plugin?
Open a new browser window using Firefox.
Go to the Firefox plugins Web page (see Resources below).
Browse through the list of plugins that are available. Choose from items such as Shockwave, Windows Media Player and Quicktime.
Look beneath the plugin you'd like to download. Find your operating system and click the version number link listed beneath it. You'll be re-routed to the downloads page for the specific plugin you wish to add.
Look for the 'Download' or 'Download Now' button and click it. You may be prompted to save a file. Click 'Save File.' A dialog box will show the download progress. When the download is complete, click 'Clean Up.'
Open the plugin after it finishes downloading. If you left the default setting in place, the plugin will be on your desktop. Simply clicking the icon will install it in Firefox.
• How do you save pages offline?
From the menu, click on File ““ Save Page As”¦ (Or alternatively, press Ctrl+S). The Save As dialog window appears. Select Web Page, complete in the Save as type dropdown. The webpage is saved as a set of HTML file and a folder that holds the other elements of the page.
Internet Explorer (Latest Version)
• How do you enable tabbed browsing? private browsing? Ctrl+T
• How do you set homepages? Press Alt + F then Click Tools then Click Internet Options and edit the Hompage box.
• How do you customize search providers? First install the desired search provider so that it will be available in the selection box.
• How do you bookmark a page? How do you organize your book marks? To bookmark a site click ctrl+D and to organized click Favorites then Click Organized Favorites.
• How do you clear the cache?
Click the "Tools" menu bar. Then Choose "Internet Options". Then On the "General" tab, click "Clear History". Then When it asks "Delete all items in your History folder?", click "OK". Then click "OK".
• How do you install a plugin? Press Ctrl+Shift+A
• How do you save pages offline? File, Save As, just choose .html as your Save As Type.